SOMATIC CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY IN HOLSTEIN COWS IN KUZBASS CONDITIONS

Abstract

The results of studies of somatic chromosomal instability aneuploidy and polyploidy, the number of fragments and breaks in the blood cells of Holstein cows with a productivity of over 9000 kg are presented. The studies were carried out at JSC “Vaganovo” of the Promyshlennovskiy district of the Kemerovo Region on a population of Holstein cows. Sample preparation was carried out according to the method of P. Moorhead and co-authors, and their staining according to RomanovskyGiemsa. 2452 metaphase plates of cattle blood were studied. The ecological situation was analyzed in the zone of its keeping and breeding. Studies of soil, feed, organs and tissues in farm animals of various species confirm the fact that there are no heavy metal contamination on the territory of Western Siberia and their level is within the limits of sanitary standards. As a result of the study, the frequency of somatic chromosomal instability, including numerical violations and structural aberrations of chromosomes, was established. In the studied sample, the frequency of polyploidy was 0.74%, tetraploidy, triploidy and hexaploidy 0.41; 0.25 and 0.08%, respectively. The frequency of fragments and breaks was approximately the same - 3.83 and 2.91%, respectively. The overall level of chromosome aberrations was 6.75%. The number of diploid cells was 84.25%. Due to the paucity of data on the somatic chromosomal instability of the Holstein breed in Kuzbass conditions, the data obtained can be preliminarily considered as normal values, and also used in assessing the interior of animals.