Analysis of the frequency of distribution of CVM, BY BLAD in cattle populations

Abstract

The modern selection of Holstein cattle is aimed at increasing milk production. However, using sires that are carriers of genetic anomalies contributes to more unwanted recessive alleles in cattle populations, leading to significant economic losses. Both phenotypic and genetic factors influence the performance of herd reproduction. The presence in animal populations of recessive alleles that determine genetic diseases increases the likelihood of the appearance of lethal homozygous genotypes in offspring. Such destructive genetic disorders are called LoF mutations that lead to the malfunction of the genes. The increase in the frequency of occurrence of LoF mutations in the population dictates the need to control their spread. This paper assessed the frequency of carriers of genetically determined diseases in the Ural cattle population. Data were obtained for three recessive disorders: BY - 1.16%, CVM - 1.8, BLAD - 3.79%. According to the literature review, the received data are close in value to the average compared with the results of other studies. This can be explained by the fact that the descendants of outstanding sires bred in the United States are used for breeding in the Urals. Thus, screening of sires and individuals included in pedigree stock, with the further selection of parental pairs, considering the results obtained, is a preferable conservative strategy to prevent the spread of recessive mutations.