The onset of thermalization in finite-dimensional equations of hydrodynamics: insights from the Burgers equation

Abstract

Solutions to finite-dimensional (all spatial Fourier modes set to zero beyond a finite wavenumber K G ), inviscid equations of hydrodynamics at long times are known to be at variance with those obtained for the original infinite dimensional partial differential equations or their viscous counterparts. Surprisingly, the solutions to such Galerkin-truncated equations develop sharp localized structures, called tygers (Ray et al. 2011 Phys. Rev. E 84 , 016301 ( doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.84.016301 )), which eventually lead to completely thermalized states associated with an equipartition energy spectrum. We now obtain, by using the analytically tractable Burgers equation, precise estimates, theoretically and via direct numerical simulations, of the time τ c at which thermalization is triggered and show that τ c ∼ K G ξ , with ξ = − 4 9 . Our results have several implications, including for the analyticity strip method, to numerically obtain evidence for or against blow-ups of the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equations.