Affiliation:
1. The Department of Applied Mathematics, The University of Western OntarioLondon, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
2. Department of Mathematics and College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL 61802, USA
Abstract
The basic reproductive ratio,
R
0
, is defined as the expected number of secondary infections arising from a single individual during his or her entire infectious period, in a population of susceptibles. This concept is fundamental to the study of epidemiology and within-host pathogen dynamics. Most importantly,
R
0
often serves as a threshold parameter that predicts whether an infection will spread. Related parameters which share this threshold behaviour, however, may or may not give the true value of
R
0
. In this paper we give a brief overview of common methods of formulating
R
0
and surrogate threshold parameters from deterministic, non-structured models. We also review common means of estimating
R
0
from epidemiological data. Finally, we survey the recent use of
R
0
in assessing emerging diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenza, a number of recent livestock diseases, and vector-borne diseases malaria, dengue and West Nile virus.
Subject
Biomedical Engineering,Biochemistry,Biomaterials,Bioengineering,Biophysics,Biotechnology
Cited by
841 articles.
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