Climate change correlates with rapid delays and advancements in reproductive timing in an amphibian community

Author:

Todd Brian D.1,Scott David E.2,Pechmann Joseph H. K.3,Gibbons J. Whitfield2

Affiliation:

1. Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA

2. Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, PO Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA

3. Department of Biology, Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC 28723, USA

Abstract

Climate change has had a significant impact globally on the timing of ecological events such as reproduction and migration in many species. Here, we examined the phenology of reproductive migrations in 10 amphibian species at a wetland in South Carolina, USA using a 30 year dataset. We show for the first time that two autumn-breeding amphibians are breeding increasingly later in recent years, coincident with an estimated 1.2°C increase in local overnight air temperatures during the September through February pre-breeding and breeding periods. Additionally, two winter-breeding species in the same community are breeding increasingly earlier. Four of the 10 species studied have shifted their reproductive timing an estimated 15.3 to 76.4 days in the past 30 years. This has resulted in rates of phenological change that range from 5.9 to 37.2 days per decade, providing examples of some of the greatest rates of changing phenology in ecological events reported to date. Owing to the opposing direction of the shifts in reproductive timing, our results suggest an alteration in the degree of temporal niche overlap experienced by amphibian larvae in this community. Reproductive timing can drive community dynamics in larval amphibians and our results identify an important pathway by which climate change may affect amphibian communities.

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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