1. Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
2. Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
3. Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA
4. Wildlife Conservation Society, Northern Rockies Field Office, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA