Temporal genetic change in the last remaining population of woolly mammoth

Author:

Nyström Veronica1,Dalén Love234,Vartanyan Sergey5,Lidén Kerstin6,Ryman Nils1,Angerbjörn Anders1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

2. Centro UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, C/ Sinesio Delgado 4, Pabellón 14, 28029 Madrid, Spain

3. School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK

4. Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Swedish Museum of Natural History, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden

5. Department of Geography, Herzen University, nab. Moyki, 48, St Petersburg 191186, Russia

6. Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract

During the Late Pleistocene, the woolly mammoth ( Mammuthus primigenius ) experienced a series of local extinctions generally attributed to human predation or environmental change. Some small and isolated populations did however survive far into the Holocene. Here, we investigated the genetic consequences of the isolation of the last remaining mammoth population on Wrangel Island. We analysed 741 bp of the mitochondrial DNA and found a loss of genetic variation in relation to the isolation event, probably caused by a demographic bottleneck or a founder event. However, in spite of ca 5000 years of isolation, we did not detect any further loss of genetic variation. Together with the relatively high number of mitochondrial haplotypes on Wrangel Island near the final disappearance, this suggests a sudden extinction of a rather stable population.

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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