Open data and digital morphology

Author:

Davies Thomas G.1,Rahman Imran A.12ORCID,Lautenschlager Stephan13ORCID,Cunningham John A.1,Asher Robert J.4,Barrett Paul M.5ORCID,Bates Karl T.6,Bengtson Stefan7,Benson Roger B. J.8,Boyer Doug M.9,Braga José1011,Bright Jen A.1213ORCID,Claessens Leon P. A. M.14ORCID,Cox Philip G.15ORCID,Dong Xi-Ping16,Evans Alistair R.17,Falkingham Peter L.18ORCID,Friedman Matt19,Garwood Russell J.520,Goswami Anjali21,Hutchinson John R.22,Jeffery Nathan S.6,Johanson Zerina5ORCID,Lebrun Renaud23,Martínez-Pérez Carlos124,Marugán-Lobón Jesús25ORCID,O'Higgins Paul M.15,Metscher Brian26ORCID,Orliac Maëva23,Rowe Timothy B.27,Rücklin Martin128ORCID,Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R.29,Shubin Neil H.30,Smith Selena Y.19ORCID,Starck J. Matthias31,Stringer Chris5,Summers Adam P.32,Sutton Mark D.33,Walsh Stig A.34,Weisbecker Vera35,Witmer Lawrence M.36,Wroe Stephen37,Yin Zongjun138,Rayfield Emily J.1ORCID,Donoghue Philip C. J.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK

2. Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK

3. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

4. Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK

5. Dept. Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK

6. Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK

7. Dept. Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden

8. Dept. Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, UK

9. Dept. Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, PO Box 90383, Biological Sciences Building, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA

10. Computer-assisted Palaeoanthropology Team, UMR 5288 CNRS-Université de Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Toulouse, France

11. Evolutionary Studies Institute, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

12. School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA

13. Center for Virtualization and Applied Spatial Technologies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA

14. Dept. Biology, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA

15. Dept. Archaeology and Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK

16. School of Earth and Space Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China

17. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia

18. School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK

19. Dept. Earth and Environmental Sciences and Museum of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

20. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK

21. Dept. Genetics, Evolution and Environment, and Dept. Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London SW17 7PL, UK

22. Structure and Motion Lab, Dept. Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK

23. Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier, CC64, Université de Montpellier, campus Triolet, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France

24. Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de Valencia, 46980 Paterna, Spain

25. Unidad de Paleontología, Dpto. Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Spain

26. Dept. Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Austria

27. Jackson School of Geosciences C1100, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA

28. Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

29. Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Zürich, Karl Schmid Strasse 4, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland

30. Dept. Organismal Biology & Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

31. Dept. Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Großhadernerstr. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany

32. University of Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA

33. Dept. Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK

34. National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK

35. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia

36. Dept. Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH 45701, USA

37. School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia

38. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China

Abstract

Over the past two decades, the development of methods for visualizing and analysing specimens digitally, in three and even four dimensions, has transformed the study of living and fossil organisms. However, the initial promise that the widespread application of such methods would facilitate access to the underlying digital data has not been fully achieved. The underlying datasets for many published studies are not readily or freely available, introducing a barrier to verification and reproducibility, and the reuse of data. There is no current agreement or policy on the amount and type of data that should be made available alongside studies that use, and in some cases are wholly reliant on, digital morphology. Here, we propose a set of recommendations for minimum standards and additional best practice for three-dimensional digital data publication, and review the issues around data storage, management and accessibility.

Funder

Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851

H2020 European Research Council

Vetenskapsrådet

The Calleva Foundation

Leverhulme Trust

Human Origins Research Fund

National Science Foundation

Royal Society

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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