Characterization of the main steps in first shell formation in Mytilus galloprovincialis : possible role of tyrosinase

Author:

Miglioli A.12,Dumollard R.2ORCID,Balbi T.1,Besnardeau L.2,Canesi L.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e della Vita, DISTAV, Università di Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genova, Italy

2. Laboratoire de Biologie du Developpement de Villefranche-sur-mer, Institut de la mer, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 181 Chemin du Lazaret, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France

Abstract

Bivalve biomineralization is a highly complex and organized process, involving several molecular components identified in adults and larval stages. However, information is still scarce on the ontogeny of the organic matrix before calcification occurs. In this work, first shell formation was investigated in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis . The time course of organic matrix and CaCO 3 deposition were followed at close times post fertilization (24, 26, 29, 32, 48 h) by calcofluor and calcein staining, respectively. Both components showed an exponential trend in growth, with a delay between organic matrix and CaCO 3 deposition. mRNA levels of genes involved in matrix deposition (chitin synthase; tyrosinase- TYR) and calcification (carbonic anhydrase; extrapallial protein) were quantified by qPCR at 24 and 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) with respect to eggs. All transcripts were upregulated across early development, with TYR showing highest mRNA levels from 24 hpf. TYR transcripts were closely associated with matrix deposition as shown by in situ hybridization. The involvement of tyrosinase activity was supported by data obtained with the enzyme inhibitor N-phenylthiourea. Our results underline the pivotal role of shell matrix in driving first CaCO 3 deposition and the importance of tyrosinase in the formation of the first shell in M. galloprovincialis .

Funder

Agence Nationale de la Recherche

EMBRC FRANCE

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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