Utilizing the state of environmental DNA (eDNA) to incorporate time-scale information into eDNA analysis

Author:

Jo Toshiaki S.123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan

2. Ryukoku Center for Biodiversity Science, Ryukoku University, 1-5, Yokotani, Oe-cho, Seta, Otsu City, Shiga 520-2194, Japan

3. Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, 1-5, Yokotani, Oe-cho, Seta, Otsu City, Shiga 520-2194, Japan

Abstract

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis allows cost-effective and non-destructive biomonitoring with a high detection sensitivity in terrestrial and aquatic environments. However, the eDNA results can sometimes include false-positive inferences of target organisms owing to the detection of aged eDNA that has long since been released from the individual and is more likely to be detected at a site further away from its source. In order to address the issue, this manuscript focuses on the state of eDNA, proposing new methodologies to estimate the age of eDNA: (1) DNA damage rate, (2) eDNA particle size distribution, and (3) viable cell-derived eDNA. In addition, the manuscript also focuses on the shorter persistence of environmental RNA (eRNA) compared with eDNA, highlighting the application of eRNA and environmental nucleic acid ratio for assessing the age of the genetic materials in water. Although substantial further research is essential to support the feasibility of these methodologies, incorporating time-scale information into eDNA analysis would update current eDNA analysis, improve the accuracy and reliability of eDNA-based monitoring, and further refine eDNA analysis as a useful monitoring tool in ecology, fisheries and various environmental sciences.

Funder

Ministry of Environment, Japan

JSPS Research, Fellows

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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