Affiliation:
1. Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
2. Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
Abstract
The insulin and insulin-like signalling (IIS) network plays an important role in mediating several life-history traits, including growth, reproduction and senescence. Although insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) 1 and 2 are both key hormones in the vertebrate IIS network, research on IGF2 in juveniles and adults has been largely neglected because early biomedical research on rodents found negligible IGF2 postnatal expression. Here, we challenge this assumption and ask to what degree IGF2 is expressed during postnatal life across amniotes by quantifying the relative gene expression of
IGF1
and
IGF2
using publicly available RNAseq data for 82 amniote species and quantitative polymerase chain reaction on liver cDNA at embryonic, juvenile and adult stages for two lizard, bird and mouse species. We found that (i)
IGF2
is expressed postnatally across amniote species and life stages—often at a higher relative expression than
IGF1
, contradicting rodent models; (ii) the lack of rodent postnatal
IGF2
expression is due to phylogenetic placement, not inbreeding or artificial selection; and (iii) adult
IGF2
expression is sex-biased in some species. Our results demonstrate that
IGF2
expression is typical for amniotes throughout life, suggesting that a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms mediating variation in life-history traits will require studies that measure both IGFs.
Funder
National Science Foundation
National Institute on Aging
Subject
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine
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