Ecology of the collapse of Rapa Nui society

Author:

Lima M.12ORCID,Gayo E. M.23,Latorre C.145,Santoro C. M.6,Estay S. A.27,Cañellas-Boltà N.8,Margalef O.910,Giralt S.8,Sáez A.11,Pla-Rabes S.1210ORCID,Chr. Stenseth N.13

Affiliation:

1. Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

2. Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

3. Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), Santiago, Chile

4. Centro UC del Desierto de Atacama, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

5. Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile

6. Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile

7. Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile

8. Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera (ICTJA-CSIC), Lluís Solé Sabarís s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain

9. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain

10. Center for Ecological Research and Forestry Application (CREAF), E-08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain

11. Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franques s/n, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain

12. BABVE, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193, Spain

13. Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway

Abstract

Collapses of food producer societies are recurrent events in prehistory and have triggered a growing concern for identifying the underlying causes of convergences/divergences across cultures around the world. One of the most studied and used as a paradigmatic case is the population collapse of the Rapa Nui society. Here, we test different hypotheses about it by developing explicit population dynamic models that integrate feedbacks between climatic, demographic and ecological factors that underpinned the socio-cultural trajectory of these people. We evaluate our model outputs against a reconstruction of past population size based on archaeological radiocarbon dates from the island. The resulting estimated demographic declines of the Rapa Nui people are linked to the long-term effects of climate change on the island's carrying capacity and, in turn, on the ‘per-capita food supply’.

Funder

FONDECYT

Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability

ANID FONDAP and PIA grants

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine

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