Affiliation:
1. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
Abstract
Mutations with beneficial effects in one sex can have deleterious effects in the other. Such ‘sexually antagonistic’ (SA) variants contribute to variation in life-history traits and overall fitness, yet their genomic distribution is poorly resolved. Theory predicts that SA variants could be enriched on the X chromosome or autosomes, yet current empirical tests face two formidable challenges: (i) identifying SA selection in genomic data is difficult; and (ii) metrics of SA variation show persistent biases towards the X, even when SA variants are randomly distributed across the genome. Here, we present an unbiased test of the theory that SA variants are enriched on the X. We first develop models for reproductive
F
ST
—a metric for quantifying sex-differential (including SA) effects of genetic variants on lifetime reproductive success—that control for X-linked biases. Comparing data from approximately 250 000 UK Biobank individuals to our models, we find
F
ST
elevations consistent with both X-linked and autosomal SA polymorphisms affecting reproductive success in humans. However, the extent of
F
ST
elevations does not differ from a model in which SA polymorphisms are randomly distributed across the genome. We argue that the polygenic nature of SA variation, along with sex asymmetries in SA effects, might render X-linked enrichment of SA polymorphisms unlikely.
Funder
UK Biobank
Australian Research Council
Subject
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Environmental Science,General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine
Cited by
7 articles.
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