Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences

Author:

Hendry Andrew P.1,Gotanda Kiyoko M.2ORCID,Svensson Erik I.3

Affiliation:

1. Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, 859 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A OC4

2. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK

3. Evolutionary Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund 223 62, Sweden

Abstract

Humans have dramatic, diverse and far-reaching influences on the evolution of other organisms. Numerous examples of this human-induced contemporary evolution have been reported in a number of ‘contexts’, including hunting, harvesting, fishing, agriculture, medicine, climate change, pollution, eutrophication, urbanization, habitat fragmentation, biological invasions and emerging/disappearing diseases. Although numerous papers, journal special issues and books have addressed each of these contexts individually, the time has come to consider them together and thereby seek important similarities and differences. The goal of this special issue, and this introductory paper, is to promote and expand this nascent integration. We first develop predictions as to which human contexts might cause the strongest and most consistent directional selection, the greatest changes in evolutionary potential, the greatest genetic (as opposed to plastic) changes and the greatest effects on evolutionary diversification . We then develop predictions as to the contexts where human-induced evolutionary changes might have the strongest effects on the population dynamics of the focal evolving species, the structure of their communities, the functions of their ecosystems and the benefits and costs for human societies. These qualitative predictions are intended as a rallying point for broader and more detailed future discussions of how human influences shape evolution, and how that evolution then influences species traits, biodiversity, ecosystems and humans. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences’.

Funder

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada

Le Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies

Swedish Research Council

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

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