Impacts of logging on density-dependent predation of dipterocarp seeds in a South East Asian rainforest

Author:

Bagchi Robert123,Philipson Christopher D.4,Slade Eleanor M.2,Hector Andy4,Phillips Sam4,Villanueva Jerome F.2,Lewis Owen T.2,Lyal Christopher H. C.5,Nilus Reuben6,Madran Adzley7,Scholes Julie D.1,Press Malcolm C.8

Affiliation:

1. Department of Animal and Plant Science, University of Sheffield, Western Bank Road, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK

2. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK

3. Department of Biological and Biomedical Science, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK

4. Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich (Irchel), Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland

5. Entomology Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK

6. Forest Research Centre, Forest Department, Sepilok, PO Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia

7. Danum Valley Field Centre, PO Box 60282, 91112 Lahad Datu, Sabah, Malaysia

8. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

Abstract

Much of the forest remaining in South East Asia has been selectively logged. The processes promoting species coexistence may be the key to the recovery and maintenance of diversity in these forests. One such process is the Janzen–Connell mechanism, where specialized natural enemies such as seed predators maintain diversity by inhibiting regeneration near conspecifics. In Neotropical forests, anthropogenic disturbance can disrupt the Janzen–Connell mechanism, but similar data are unavailable for South East Asia. We investigated the effects of conspecific density (two spatial scales) and distance from fruiting trees on seed and seedling survival of the canopy tree Parashorea malaanonan in unlogged and logged forests in Sabah, Malaysia. The production of mature seeds was higher in unlogged forest, perhaps because high adult densities facilitate pollination or satiate pre-dispersal predators. In both forest types, post-dispersal survival was reduced by small-scale (1 m 2 ) conspecific density, but not by proximity to the nearest fruiting tree. Large-scale conspecific density (seeds per fruiting tree) reduced predation, probably by satiating predators. Higher seed production in unlogged forest, in combination with slightly higher survival, meant that recruitment was almost entirely limited to unlogged forest. Thus, while logging might not affect the Janzen–Connell mechanism at this site, it may influence the recruitment of particular species.

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

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