The principles of training rivers through tidal estuaries, as illustrated by investigations into the methods of improving the navigation channels of the estuary of the seine

Abstract

The conditions affecting the training of rivers in the non-tidal portions of their course by jetties, or rubble embankments designated as training walls, are well understood. Training walls substitute a straightened uniform channel for irregularities and varying widths, improving the flow of the current and rendering it uniform, so that scour occurs in the shallow, narrowed portions, and more uniformity of depth is attained.