A non-parametric model: free analysis of actigraphic recordings of acute insomnia patients

Abstract

Both parametric and non-parametric approaches to time-series analysis have advantages and drawbacks. Parametric methods, although powerful and widely used, can yield inconsistent results due to the oversimplification of the observed phenomena. They require the setting of arbitrary constants for their creation and refinement, and, although these constants relate to assumptions about the observed systems, it can lead to erroneous results when treating a very complex problem with a sizable list of unknowns. Their non-parametric counterparts, instead, are more widely applicable but present a higher detrimental sensitivity to noise and low density in the data. For the case of approximately periodic phenomena, such as human actigraphic time series, parametric methods are widely used and concepts such as acrophase are key in chronobiology, especially when studying healthy and diseased human populations. In this work, we present a non-parametric method of analysis of actigraphic time series from insomniac patients and healthy age-matched controls. The method is fully data-driven, reproduces previous results in the context of activity offset delay and, crucially, extends the concept of acrophase not only to circadian but also for ultradian spectral components.