Trophic eggs compensate for poor offspring feeding capacity in a subsocial burrower bug

Author:

Baba Narumi1,Hironaka Mantaro2,Hosokawa Takahiro3,Mukai Hiromi4,Nomakuchi Shintaro4,Ueno Takatoshi1

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Biological Control, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan

2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Handayama 1-20-1, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan

3. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan

4. Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Honjo 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan

Abstract

Various animals produce inviable eggs or egg-like structures called trophic eggs, which are presumed to be an extended maternal investment for the offspring. However, there is little knowledge about the ecological or physiological constraints associated with their evolutionary origin. Trophic eggs of the seminivorous subsocial burrower bug ( Canthophorus niveimarginatus ) have some unique characteristics. Trophic eggs are obligate for nymphal survival, and first-instar nymphs die without them. To identify the cause of nymphal death, we hypothesized that first-instar nymphs starve to death because they cannot feed on anything but trophic eggs. Although first-instar nymphs fed on artificially exposed endosperm did survive, nymphs that were provided with intact seed were not able to penetrate the seed vessel and starved to death. Another hypothesis that trophic eggs play a role in transferring the midgut symbiont, essential for survival in heteropteran bugs, from mother to offspring was rejected because almost all nymphs had retained the symbiont without feeding on trophic eggs. These results suggest that poor feeding capacity of the offspring is the cause of nymphal death, and the important constraint that promotes the evolution of the curious trophic egg system in C. niveimarginatus .

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)

Reference14 articles.

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