Seabird diversity hotspot linked to ocean productivity in the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem

Author:

Grecian W. James1ORCID,Witt Matthew J.2ORCID,Attrill Martin J.3,Bearhop Stuart4ORCID,Becker Peter H.5,Egevang Carsten6,Furness Robert W.1,Godley Brendan J.4ORCID,González-Solís Jacob7ORCID,Grémillet David89,Kopp Matthias10,Lescroël Amélie8,Matthiopoulos Jason1,Patrick Samantha C.11ORCID,Peter Hans-Ulrich10,Phillips Richard A.12,Stenhouse Iain J.13ORCID,Votier Stephen C.2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK

2. Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK

3. Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon PL4 8AA, UK

4. Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9EZ, UK

5. Institut für Vogelforschung ‘Vogelwarte Helgoland’, An der Vogelwarte 21, Wilhelmshaven 26386, Germany

6. Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Kvioq 2, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland

7. Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain

8. CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS—Université de Montpellier—Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier—EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Cedex 05, Montpellier, France

9. DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Percy FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa

10. Institute of Ecology, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany

11. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GP, UK

12. British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK

13. Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME 04103, USA

Abstract

Upwelling regions are highly productive habitats targeted by wide-ranging marine predators and industrial fisheries. In this study, we track the migratory movements of eight seabird species from across the Atlantic; quantify overlap with the Canary Current Large Marine Ecosystem (CCLME) and determine the habitat characteristics that drive this association. Our results indicate the CCLME is a biodiversity hotspot for migratory seabirds; all tracked species and more than 70% of individuals used this upwelling region. Relative species richness peaked in areas where sea surface temperature averaged between 15 and 20°C, and correlated positively with chlorophyll a , revealing the optimum conditions driving bottom-up trophic effects for seabirds. Marine vertebrates are not confined by international boundaries, making conservation challenging. However, by linking diversity to ocean productivity, our research reveals the significance of the CCLME for seabird populations from across the Atlantic, making it a priority for conservation action.

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)

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