Greater male variability in daily energy expenditure develops through puberty

Author:

Halsey Lewis G.1ORCID,Careau Vincent2ORCID,Ainslie Philip N.3,Alemán-Mateo Heliodoro4,Andersen Lene F.5,Anderson Liam J.6,Arab Leonore7,Baddou Issad8,Bandini Linda9,Bedu-Addo Kweku10,Blaak Ellen E.11ORCID,Blanc Stephane12,Bonomi Alberto G.13,Bouten Carlijn V. C.14,Bovet Pascal15,Brage Soren16,Buchowski Maciej S.17,Butte Nancy F.18,Camps Stephan G.19,Casper Regina20,Close Graeme L.3,Colbert Lisa H.21,Cooper Jamie A.22,Cooper Richard23,Dabare Prasangi24,Das Sai Krupa25,Davies Peter S. W.26,Deb Sanjoy2728,Nyström Christine Delisle29,Dietz William30,Dugas Lara R.2331,Eaton Simon32,Ekelund Ulf33,Hamdouchi Asmaa El8,Entringer Sonja3435,Forrester Terrence36,Fudge Barry W.37,Gillingham Melanie38,Goris Annelies H.19,Gurven Michael39,Haisma Hinke40,Hambly Catherine41,Hoffman Daniel J.42,Hoos Marije B.11,Hu Sumei43,Joonas Noorjehan44,Joosen Annemiek19,Katzmarzyk Peter45,Kempen Kitty P.19,Kimura Misaka46,Kraus William E.47,Kriengsinyos Wantanee48,Kuriyan Rebecca49,Kushner Robert F.50,Lambert Estelle V.51,Lanerolle Pulani52,Larsson Christel L.53,Lessan Nader54,Löf Marie28,Martin Corby K.45,Matsiko Eric55,Meijer Gerwin A.11,Morehen James C.3,Morton James P.3,Must Aviva56,Neuhouser Marian57,Nicklas Theresa A.18,Ojiambo Robert M.5859,Pietilainen Kirsi H.60,Pitsiladis Yannis P.61,Plange-Rhule Jacob10,Plasqui Guy62,Prentice Ross L.57,Rabinovich Roberto63,Racette Susan B.64,Raichen David A.65,Ravussin Eric45,Redman Leanne45,Reilly John J.66,Reynolds Rebecca M.67,Roberts Susan25,Samaranayake Dulani68,Sardinha Luís B.69,Schuit Albertine J.70,Silva Analiza M.69,Sinha Srishti49,Sjödin Anders M.71,Stice Eric72,Stunkard Albert73,Urlacher Samuel S.74,Valencia Mauro Eduardo4,Valenti Giulio19,van Etten Ludo M.62,Van Mil Edgar A.75,Verbunt Jeanine A.19,Wells Jonathan C. K.76,Wilson George3,Wood Brian7778,Yoshida Tsukasa79,Zhang Xueying80,Murphy-Alford Alexia81,Loechl Cornelia81,Luke Amy23,Pontzer Herman8283,Rood Jennifer45,Sagayama Hiroyuki84,Westerterp Klaas R.11,Wong William W.18,Yamada Yosuke4679,Speakman John R.4180ORCID,

Affiliation:

1. School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK

2. Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

3. Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK

4. Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, C.P. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, México

5. Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway

6. School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

7. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

8. Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail, Rabat, PC.10100, Morocco

9. University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA

10. Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

11. Department of Human Biology, Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, 6200 MD, Netherlands

12. Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

13. Phillips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

14. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven Unversity of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

15. University Center for primary care and public health (Unisante), 1012 Lausanne, Switzerland

16. MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

17. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

18. Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA

19. imec within OnePlanet Research Center, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands

20. Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford, CA 94305, USA

21. Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

22. Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, USA

23. Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA

24. Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka

25. Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA

26. Child Health Research Centre, Level 6 Centre for Children's Health Research, University of Queensland, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia

27. Centre for Nutraceuticals, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK

28. Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

29. Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden

30. George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA

31. Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

32. UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK

33. Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, 0806 Ulleval Stadion, Oslo, Norway

34. Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany

35. University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA

36. Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica

37. Physiology Department, Aspire Academy, Doha, PO Box 22287, Qatar

38. Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA

39. Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA

40. Population Research Centre, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, Landleven 1, 9747AD, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

41. Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK

42. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Program in International Nutrition, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA

43. Institute of Genetics and development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen Xi lu, Beijing, People's Republic of China

44. Central health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, 72259, Mauritius

45. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA

46. Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan

47. Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA

48. Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand

49. Division of Nutrition, St John's Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560034, India

50. Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA

51. Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

52. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka

53. Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-405 30, Sweden

54. Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

55. Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda

56. Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA

57. Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA

58. Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya

59. University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda

60. Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

61. University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK

62. Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands

63. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

64. College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA

65. Biological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, CA, USA

66. Department of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK

67. Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK

68. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka

69. Exercise and health laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal

70. Executive Board, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Noord-Brabant, 5037 AB, The Netherlands

71. Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark

72. PhD Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305

73. University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry

74. Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA

75. Chair Youth, Food and Health, Maastricht University, 5911 BV, Venlo, and Lifestyle Medicine Center for Children, Jeroen Bosch Hospital 5223 GW `s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands

76. Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, WC1N 1EH, UK

77. University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, USA

78. Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany

79. National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan

80. Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China

81. Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria

82. Dept. of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA

83. Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, USA

84. Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan

Abstract

There is considerably greater variation in metabolic rates between men than between women, in terms of basal, activity and total (daily) energy expenditure (EE). One possible explanation is that EE is associated with male sexual characteristics (which are known to vary more than other traits) such as musculature and athletic capacity. Such traits might be predicted to be most prominent during periods of adolescence and young adulthood, when sexual behaviour develops and peaks. We tested this hypothesis on a large dataset by comparing the amount of male variation and female variation in total EE, activity EE and basal EE, at different life stages, along with several morphological traits: height, fat free mass and fat mass. Total EE, and to some degree also activity EE, exhibit considerable greater male variation (GMV) in young adults, and then a decrease in the degree of GMV in progressively older individuals. Arguably, basal EE, and also morphometrics, do not exhibit this pattern. These findings suggest that single male sexual characteristics may not exhibit peak GMV in young adulthood, however total and perhaps also activity EE, associated with many morphological and physiological traits combined, do exhibit GMV most prominently during the reproductive life stages.

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)

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