On-line sensors in industrial water analysis

Abstract

The advantage of electrochemical sensors and the problems inherent in their use in industrial environments are highlighted by a description of some current on-line analytical systems employing potentiometric and galvanic sensors and their performance in specific applications. A wide variety of aqueous samples is encountered, ranging from extremely dilute, relatively clean solutions to mixtures containing high levels of both dissolved and undissolved species. Sensor design is discussed in the light of these factors and of some of the other constraints within which the manufacture of sensors occurs. Some present trends in the design and use of electrochemical sensors are reviewed to indicate the prospects for the future in this field.