On the absorption of light by crystals

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the absorption of light by non-metallic solids, and in particular the mechanism by which the energy of the light absorbed is converted into heat. If one considers from the theoretical point of view the absorption spectrum of an insulation crystal, one finds that it consists of a series of sharp lines leading up to a series limit, to the short wave-length side of which true continuous absorption sets in (Peierls 1932; Mott 1938). In practice the lattice vibrations will broaden the lines to a greater of less extent. When a quantum of radiation is absorbed in the region of true continuous absorption, a free electron in the conduction band and a "positive hole" are formed with enough energy to move away from one another and to take part in a photocurrent within the crystal. When, however, a quantum is absorbed in one of the absorption lines , the positive hole and electron formed do not have enough energy to separate, but move in one another's field in a quantized state. An electron in a crystal moving in the field of a positive hole has been termed by Frenkel (1936) an "exciton".