Energy spectra of electrons in surface orbitals

Abstract

Early experimental results comparing the two experimental methods capable of detecting surface electronic states over a broad energy band are reported. These methods are ion-neutralization spectroscopy (i. n. s.) and ultraviolet-photoemission spectroscopy (u. p. s. ) at both normal and non-normal light incidence. We find very interesting differences between the two methods in their relative sensitivity to electrons in the near-surface bulk (selvedge) and in surface adsorbates.