Affiliation:
1. Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102, USA
Abstract
The involvement of excited and highly reactive intermediates in oxygenic photosynthesis inevitably results in the generation of reactive oxygen species. To protect the photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative damage, xanthophyll pigments are involved in the quenching of excited chlorophyll and reactive oxygen species, namely
1
Chl*,
3
Chl*, and
1
1O
2
*. Quenching of
1
Chl* results in harmless dissipation of excitation energy as heat and is measured as non–photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence. The multiple roles of xanthophylls in photoprotection are being addressed by characterizing mutants of
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
and
Arabidopsis thaliana
. Analysis of
Arabidopsis
mutants that are defective in
1
Chl* quenching has shown that, in addition to specific xanthophylls, the psbS gene is necessary for NPQ. Double mutants of
Chlamydomonas
and
Arabidopsis
that are deficient in zeaxanthin, lutein and NPQ undergo photo–oxidative bleaching in high light. Extragenic suppressors of the
Chlamydomonas npq1 lor1
double mutant identify new mutations that restore varying levels of zeaxanthin accumulation and allow survival in high light.
Subject
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Cited by
134 articles.
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