1. School of Civil Engineering and the Environment and Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO17 1BJ, UK
2. Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change, Centre for Marine and Atmospheric Science, Hamburg University20146 Hamburg, Germany
3. Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije UniversiteitDe Boelelaan 1115, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4. Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 152 13, USA