Affiliation:
1. Department of Mechanics, Darmstadt University of Technology64289 Darmstadt, Germany
Abstract
The Savage–Hutter (SH) avalanche model is a depth-averaged dynamical model of a fluid-like continuum implementing the following simplifying assumptions: (i) density preserving, (ii) shallowness of the avalanche piles and small topographic curvatures, (iii) Coulomb-type sliding with bed friction angle
δ
and (iv) Mohr–Coulomb behaviour in the interior with internal angle of friction
ϕ
≥
δ
and an
ad hoc
assumption reducing the number of Mohr's circles in three-dimensional stress states to one. We scrutinize the available literature on information regarding these assumptions and thus delineate the ranges of validity of the proposed model equations. The discussion is limited to relatively large snow avalanches with negligible powder snow component and laboratory sand avalanches starting on steep slopes. The conclusion of the analysis is that the SH model is a valid model for sand avalanches, but its Mohr–Coulomb sliding law may have to be complemented for snow avalanches by a second velocity-dependent contribution. For very small snow avalanches and for laboratory avalanches starting on moderately steep and bumpy slopes it may not be adequate.
Subject
General Physics and Astronomy,General Engineering,General Mathematics
Cited by
70 articles.
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