Characterizations and morphology of sodium tungstate particles

Abstract

A solid-state reaction technique was used to synthesize polycrystalline Na 2 WO 4 . Preliminary X-ray studies revealed that the compound has a cubic structure at room temperature. The formation of the compound has been confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction studies and Raman spectroscopy. Electrical and dielectric properties of the compound have been studied using complex impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range 209 Hz–1 MHz and temperature range 586–679 K. The impedance data were modellized by an equivalent circuit consisting of series of a combination of grains and grains boundary. We use complex electrical modulus M * at various temperatures to analyse dielectric data. The modulus plots are characterized by the presence of two relaxation peaks thermally activated. The morphologies and the average particle size of the resultant sodium tungstate sample were demonstrated by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The thicknesses and optical constants of the sample have been calculated using ellipsometric measurements in the range of 200–22 000 nm by means of new amorphous dispersion formula which is the objective of the present work. The results were obtained for Na 2 WO 4 particles from experimental (EXP) and measured (FIT) data showed an excellent agreement. In addition, the energy gap of the Na 2 WO 4 sample has been determined using ellipsometry and confirmed by spectrophotometry measurements.