Abstract
Tissue engineering combines cells, scaffolds and signalling molecules to synthesize tissues
in vitro
. However, the lack of a functioning vascular network severely limits the effective size of a tissue-engineered construct. In this work, we have assessed the potential of reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a non-protein pro-angiogenic moiety, for enhancing angiogenesis in tissue engineering applications. Polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) scaffolds loaded with different concentrations of rGO nanoparticles were synthesized via lyophilization. Characterization of these scaffolds showed that the rGO-loaded scaffolds retained the thermal and physical properties (swelling, porosity and
in vitro
biodegradation) of pure PVA/CMC scaffolds.
In vitro
cytotoxicity studies, using three different cell lines, confirmed that the scaffolds are biocompatible. The scaffolds containing 0.005 and 0.0075% rGO enhanced the proliferation of endothelial cells (EA.hy926)
in vitro
.
In vivo
studies using the chick chorioallantoic membrane model showed that the presence of rGO in the PVA/CMC scaffolds significantly enhanced angiogenesis and arteriogenesis.
Funder
Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Science and Engineering Research Board
Cited by
68 articles.
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