Plasticity and seasonality of the vertical migration behaviour of Antarctic krill using acoustic data from fishing vessels

Author:

Bahlburg Dominik12ORCID,Hüppe Lukas34,Böhrer Thomas5,Thorpe Sally E.6ORCID,Murphy Eugene J.6,Berger Uta1,Meyer Bettina478

Affiliation:

1. Forstliche Biometrie und Systemanalyse, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Straße 8, 01737 Tharandt, Dresden, Germany

2. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany

3. Neurobiology and Genetics, Julius-Maximilian-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany

4. Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany

5. Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany

6. Ecosystems, British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK

7. Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany

8. Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany

Abstract

Understanding the vertical migration behaviour of Antarctic krill is important for understanding spatial distribution, ecophysiology, trophic interactions and carbon fluxes of this Southern Ocean key species. In this study, we analysed an eight-month continuous dataset recorded with an ES80 echosounder on board a commercial krill fishing vessel in the southwest Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. Our analysis supports the existing hypothesis that krill swarms migrate into deeper waters during winter but also reveals a high degree of variability in vertical migration behaviour within seasons, even at small spatial scales. During summer, we found that behaviour associated with prolonged surface presence primarily occurred at low surface chlorophyll a concentrations whereas multiple ascent–descent cycles per day occurred when surface chlorophyll a concentrations were elevated. The high plasticity, with some krill swarms behaving differently in the same location at the same time, suggests that krill behaviour is not a purely environmentally driven process. Differences in life stage, physiology and type of predator are likely other important drivers. Finally, our study demonstrates new ways of using data from krill fishing vessels, and with the routine collection of additional information in potential future projects, they have great potential to significantly advance our understanding of krill ecology.

Funder

TU Dresden and German Research Foundation joint publication funds for Open Access Publishing

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

Multidisciplinary

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