G measurements with time-of-swing method at HUST

Abstract

We review the G measurements with time-of-swing method at HUST. Two independent experiments have been completed and an improved experiment is in progress. The first G value was determined as 6.6699(7)×10 −11  m 3  kg −1  s −2 with a relative standard uncertainty ( u r ) of 105 ppm by using a long period torsion pendulum and two cylindrical source masses. Later, this result was corrected to be 6.6723(9)×10 −11  m 3  kg −1  s −2 with u r =130 ppm after considering the density distribution of the cylinders and the air buoyancy, which was 360 ppm larger than the previous value. In 2009, a new experiment by using a simple block pendulum and spherical source masses with more homogeneous density was carried out. A series of improvements were performed, and the G value was determined to be 6.67349(18)×10 −11  m 3  kg −1  s −2 with u r =26 ppm. To reduce the anelasticity of the torsion fibre, fused silica fibres with Q 's of approximately 5×10 4 are used to measure G in the ongoing experiment. These fibres are coated with thin layers of germanium and bismuth in turn to reduce the electrostatic effect. Some other improvements include the gravity compensation, reduction of the coating layer effect, etc. The prospective uncertainty of the next G value is 20 ppm or lower.