Certifiable quantum dice

Abstract

We introduce a protocol through which a pair of quantum mechanical devices may be used to generatenrandom bits that areε-close in statistical distance fromnuniformly distributed bits, starting from a seed ofuniform bits. The bits generated are certifiably random, based only on a simple statistical test that can be performed by the user, and on the assumption that the devices obey the no-signalling principle. No other assumptions are placed on the devices' inner workings: it is not necessary to even assume the validity of quantum mechanics.