Conservation problems in the future

Abstract

Change in existing ecosystems is usually considered to damage nature conservation interest. Yet many of the changes that have occurred in the past since woodland was cleared by primitive man have lead to enhanced interest by providing diversity in a wide variety of sub-climax ecosystems. But the ecosystems are sensitive and liable to further change. Many of the local problems of present-day nature conservation stem from this. But there are also pervasive changes which because they are widespread are leading to wholesale loss of ecosystems and species. They are important not only on a local scale but also in their effects on the totality of wild life. In these circumstances it appears that we will have to change our attitudes and take account not only of areas which we recognize because of their naturalness, but also man-made habitats. We shall have to consider the restoration as faithfully as possible of areas that have been grossly disturbed, the reintroduction of species into areas from which they have been lost, and the creation of new areas of conserva­tion interest in totally degraded areas such as gravel pits, quarries and even chemical waste heaps. Some man-made areas are already of considerable interest and value to nature conservation. But others require deliberate modification and the introduction of appropriate species. Some steps have already been taken in this direction, but there is a wealth of further opportunity. Such work will require the application of scientific knowledge to practical ends: in its turn it can provide us with critical information on the subtleties of plant and animal behaviour.