Abstract
The name
Leishmania peruviana
was given by Velez (1913) to the parasite responsible for a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis known as ‘uta’; this disease occurs in the Peruvian Andes. Clinical similarities between uta and ‘oriental sore’, which is caused by
Leishmania tropica
of the Eastern Hemisphere, have, however, led to the suggestion that uta is simply due to
L. tropica
, which was introduced into Latin America by African slaves or European immigrants.
Leishmania
species are divisible into three distinct sections, according to their pattern of development in their natural (phlebotomine) vectors. One of these sections, the Peripylaria , contains the subspecies of
Leishmania braziliensis
, and is characterized by parasites that undergo a phase of development attached to the wall of the hindgut (pylorus and ileum), in addition to multiplication in the midgut and subsequent invasion of the foregut. Such development is unknown in any other group of leishmaniae, including those groups of the section Suprapylaria, which includes parasites of the
L. tropica
complex. Three isolates of
L. peruviana
were studied in laboratory-bred sandflies
Lutzomyia longipalpis
(Lutz & Neiva), and all showed consistent and prolific development of rounded or stumpy flagellates attached to the wall of the hindgut and, in some instances, growth of free, elongate promastigotes throughout the midgut. Development of both
L. tropica
and
L. major
, in the same insect, was restricted to massive development of free flagellates in the midgut, up to the cardial valve. From the behaviour of
L. peruviana
in the sandfly, its slow growth in hamster skin and the small size of its amastigotes, it is concluded that this parsite is (
a
) distinctly different from both
L. tropica
and
L. major
, and (
b
) closely related to subspecies of
L. braziliensis
within the section Peripylaria. On this evidence it is also concluded that
L. peruviana
is indigenous to the American continent. The specific name is best retained for the time being (rather than
L. braziliensis peruviana
).
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