Dynamics of collective motion across time and species

Author:

Papadopoulou Marina1ORCID,Fürtbauer Ines1ORCID,O'Bryan Lisa R.2,Garnier Simon3ORCID,Georgopoulou Dimitra G.14ORCID,Bracken Anna M.15ORCID,Christensen Charlotte16,King Andrew J.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Biosciences, School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, SA2 8PP Swansea, UK

2. Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA

3. Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA

4. Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, HCMR, 71500 Hersonissos, Crete, Greece

5. School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK

6. Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland

Abstract

Most studies of collective animal behaviour rely on short-term observations, and comparisons of collective behaviour across different species and contexts are rare. We therefore have a limited understanding of intra- and interspecific variation in collective behaviour over time, which is crucial if we are to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape collective behaviour. Here, we study the collective motion of four species: shoals of stickleback fish ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ), flocks of homing pigeons ( Columba livia ), a herd of goats ( Capra aegagrus hircus ) and a troop of chacma baboons ( Papio ursinus ). First, we describe how local patterns (inter-neighbour distances and positions), and group patterns (group shape, speed and polarization) during collective motion differ across each system. Based on these, we place data from each species within a ‘swarm space’, affording comparisons and generating predictions about the collective motion across species and contexts. We encourage researchers to add their own data to update the ‘swarm space’ for future comparative work. Second, we investigate intraspecific variation in collective motion over time and provide guidance for researchers on when observations made over different time scales can result in confident inferences regarding species collective motion. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Collective behaviour through time’.

Funder

Office of Naval Research

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

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