Affiliation:
1. Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
2. School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
Abstract
It has long been suggested that dimorphic female-limited Batesian mimicry of two closely related
Papilio
butterflies,
Papilio memnon
and
Papilio polytes,
is controlled by supergenes. Whole-genome sequencing, genome-wide association studies and functional analyses have recently identified mimicry supergenes, including the
doublesex (dsx)
gene. Although supergenes of both the species are composed of highly divergent regions between mimetic and non-mimetic alleles and are located at the same chromosomal locus, they show critical differences in genomic architecture, particularly with or without an inversion:
P
.
polytes
has an inversion, but
P
.
memnon
does not. This review introduces and compares the detailed genomic structure of mimicry supergenes in two
Papilio
species, including gene composition, repetitive sequence composition, breakpoint/boundary site structure, chromosomal inversion and linkage disequilibrium. Expression patterns and functional analyses of the respective genes within or flanking the supergene suggest that
dsx
and other genes are involved in mimetic traits. In addition, structural comparison of the corresponding region for the mimicry supergene among further
Papilio
species suggests three scenarios for the evolution of the mimicry supergene between the two
Papilio
species. The structural features revealed in the
Papilio
mimicry supergene provide insight into the formation, maintenance and evolution of supergenes.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Genomic architecture of supergenes: causes and evolutionary consequences’.
Funder
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology/ Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI
Subject
General Agricultural and Biological Sciences,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Cited by
8 articles.
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