Energy output of insensitive high explosives by measuring the detonation products

Abstract

The detonation products of high explosives are dependent on pressure and also on the confinement under which the detonation reaction proceeds. To determine the detonation products of less sensitive high explosives such as trinitrotoluene/ nitroguanidine and polymer bonded explosive charges with polybutadiene binder containing cyclotrimethylene trinitramine, together with or without aluminium, experiments have been performed in a stainless steel chamber of a volume of 1.5 m 3 . These experiments were done under different ambient argon pressures up to 0.3 MPa. Gaseous reaction products were analysed by mass spectrometry and chemiluminescence analysis. Solid reaction products were analysed for measuring the carbon residue or unreacted aluminium. It was found that the detonation products were highly dependent on the ambient pressure of argon. The most important changes of the reaction products and therefore also of the energy output were found between vacuum and atmospheric pressure of argon. With increasing pressure, H 2 and CO decrease and CO 2 , H 2 , C 8 , NH 3 , HCN and CH 4 increase together with the reaction enthalpy. By analysing the physical structure of the carbon residue, diamonds have been observed between 4 and 7 nm in diameter.