Abstract
Four classes of solid ionic conductors may be distinguished: (
a
) ion exchangers, (
b
) electrolytes, (
c
) electrodes, and (
d
) chemical stores. Each has important applications with different fabrication requirements. Fast ion transport is required in electric-power applications, and various strategies are discussed for power batteries. The design of new materials begins with a theoretical model for ionic transport; the situation in stoichiometric compounds is compared with that in doped compounds, and electrolytes are contrasted with mixed ionic-electronic conductors. The most significant parameters for the synthetic chemist are the factors that govern the activation enthalpy ∆
H
m
for diffusion, the concentration
c
of mobile carriers, and the temperature
T
t
for any phase transition from a normal to a fast ionic conductor. Strategies for decreasing ∆
H
m
and increasing
c
prove to be ion-specific, and the most successful strategies for each mobile ion are presented. The origin of a
T
t
in stoichiometric compounds and the distinction between smooth and first-order transitions are also considered.
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