The structure of the stomatogastric neuromuscular system in Callinectes sapidus , Homarus americanus and Panulirus argus (Decapoda Crustacea)

Abstract

The stomatogastric nervous system of the reptantian Decapoda Crustacea, particularly the small isolated stomatogastric ganglion containing the 25-30 motor neurons that control the muscles of the gastric mill and the pyloric filter of the stomach, is an important preparation for research in comparative neurophysiology. Unfortunately there are no comprehensive descriptions of the neuromuscular system of the stomach in these animals. Therefore, since the stomatogastric motor neurons are identified by reference to the muscles they innervate, it has been difficult to identify neurons within or between species. The most important features for classifying the muscles of the decapod stomach are the ossicles to which the muscles attach. In the latter part of the last century Mocquard demonstrated that the stomach ossicles of the decapods could be compared in different groups despite the large variations from group to group. A summary of Mocquard’s (1883) classification scheme, with some modifications, is given. The scheme recognizes 33 ossicles in seven categories (cardiac gastric mill, I—VII; lateral supporting cardiac ossicles, VIII-XV ; ossicles of the cardio-pyloric valve, XVI-XVIII; supporting ossicles of the dorsal pyloric stomach, XIX -XXI; supporting ossicles of the ventral pylorus and ampullae, XXII-XXVII; supra-ampullary ossicles, XXVIII-XXX ; supporting ossicles of the lateral pylorus, XXXI-XXXIII). Where necessary, comments are then made on the ossicles of the three divergent species studied, the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus (Brachyura); the lobster, Homarus americanus (Macrura) and the spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Palinura). Most of the thirty-three ossicles are found in each of the species, but there are some major differences between species. Callinectes , for example, has the most complex ossicle system and Panulirus the most reduced.