A theory of the dielectric polarization of polar substances

Author:

Abstract

With the aid of classical statistical mechanics, a general expression for the static dielectric constant is derived. It is found, as in earlier work, that the dielectric constant is dependent upon the mean-square dipole moment of a macroscopic spherical sample of the substance. This mean-square moment is expanded as a series in powers of the mean molecular polarizability, and the terms proportional to the zero and first powers are evaluated in detail and in such a way that the long- and the short-range effects are separated. The former are determined with the aid of macroscopic arguments, so that a purely molecular theory remains. In the limit when short-range directional forces are zero, the formula reduces to the well-known Onsager equation. It is found that it is not in general legitimate to replace the surroundings of a macroscopic sample by a continuum having the bulk properties of the substance, and for this reason the approximate equation of Harris & Alder is found to lead to doubtful conclusions. The general equations are applied to the experimental data for water and other liquids, and the results are not unsatisfactory.

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

Pharmacology (medical)

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