Antiferromagnetism

Abstract

The ground state of a lattice with one electron per atom and antiferromagnetic interactions between nearest neighbours only is examined by a variational method similar in principle to the treatments by Hulthén (1938) and Kasteleijn (1952) of the linear-chain problem. The calculation involves a statistical problem which is shown to be exactly equivalent to the Ising ferromagnetic problem. This cannot be solved exactly, except in the one-dimensional case, and so the Bethe–Peierls method is used to solve it approximately. In complete contradiction to the Kubo (1953) variational calculation it is concluded that all lattices have disordered ground states. The energy differences between ordered and disordered states are small and so the nature of the ground state is likely to be sensitive to small additional ordering forces.