Studies of knock and antiknock by kinetic spectroscopy

Author:

Abstract

The method of flash photolysis has been used to ignite mixtures of acetylene, oxygen and amyl nitrite, the latter serving as fuel and as sensitizer. The course of the explosive combustion was followed by flash spectroscopy and by photoelectric technique. Two phases have been conveniently distinguished in the explosion : (1) An induction period following the immediate disappearance of the spectrum of amyl nitrite during which no radical spectra were visible. (2) The fast build-up of diatomic radical spectra—predominantly OH, with a little NH and CN— at the point of ignition accompanied by strong light emission upon which were superimposed high-temperature emission peaks of only a few microseconds’ duration indicating detonation waves travelling through the reacting gases. On the addition of small amounts of lead tetraethyl the induction period was greatly lengthened, and during that time the waxing and waning of the lead oxide band system was observed. 0∙2 mm (Hg) of lead tetraethyl increased phase 2 up to 200%, and the strong emission caused by heavy detonation was often quenched completely. The entirely different behaviour of aromatics is also shortly discussed. It was established that the antiknock effect of lead tetraethyl is a completely homogeneous gas-phase reaction, and it was concluded that its effect is twofold in nature: first, by reacting with oxygenated intermediates produced in phase 1 of the combustion with the formation of lead oxide, it removes the sources of auto-ignition which lead to knock in phase 2; secondly, the lead monoxide so formed reduces the propagating and branching mechanisms leading to the final explosion by preferential reaction with the free radicals involved, and thus contributes to conditions which do not lead to detonation and knock. This reaction and also the conditions obtaining at the end of the explosion promote the final reduction of the lead monoxide to atomic lead.

Publisher

The Royal Society

Subject

Pharmacology (medical)

Reference39 articles.

1. Berl E. Heise K. & Winnacker K. 1928

2. Z. phya;Berl E.;Chem. A,1929

3. Proc. Roy;Bone W. A.;Soc. A,1927

4. Buckler E. J. & Norrish R. G. W. 1936 J . Chem. Soc. p. 1567.

5. Proc. Roy;Chamberlain G. H. N.;Soc. A,1952

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3