Abstract
The problem of the appearance of quantized vortex lines and rings in superflow and the modification of that flow by the vortices , is examined in the light of a suggestion by lordanskii, namely that thermal fluctuations may play a vital role in the nudeation process. The view is taken that there exists a distribution of quantized vortex rings in liquid helium and that the smallest of these is a roton. The evolution of these rings in a counterflow is examined by means of a Langevin equation. A Fokker-Planck equation is developed, and a number of examples are presented which illustrate the features of such include nucleation of vortices in an unbounded fluid, nucleation in a finite channel, the thermally activated vortex mill, nucleation of vortices by ions and phonon-roton relaxation times.
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