Role of epigenetics and the high-throughput sensing techniques to detect stress adaptation mechanisms in crop plants: A mini review

Abstract

Deciphering the epigenetic code, which will pave the road to understanding the link between genotypic and phenotypic variety, is one of the most fascinating topics of modern genetics. This may significantly contribute to our understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying plants\' epigenomic responses to environmental stressors in the context of climate change. As a result of epigenetic regulatory processes such DNA methylation, histone structural modification, and RNA-based regulatory mechanisms, it is hypothesised that chromatin will alter. The interactions of regulatory proteins, including various types of transcription factors, with DNA and chromatin would result in a variety of structural alterations that would impact how genes are expressed. High throughput sequencing techniques have recently been developed to better understand epigenomic alterations in the genome. The use of pharmacological and genetic methods to modify these networks should be made simpler by these strategies. The cytosine methylation of a cell\'s genomic regions or active cistrons, in particular, is an epigenetic change that these approaches are successful at identifying and studying. To speed up breeding programs for crop improvement, numerous investigations on the interactions between genotype, phenotype, and epigenotype utilising epiGWAS are being carried out. This review will briefly explore the role of epigenetic approaches and high throughput sensing techniques in order to better understand plant stress responses. The value of epigenomic methods and strategies in the nascent \"omic\" sciences is being emphasized