Factor Associated With Sleep Disturbance and Its Consequence in Jet-Lagged Employee

Abstract

Objective: The current study aims to explore the determinants of sleep disturbance (insomnia and daytime sleepiness) and its potential consequence (depression, somatization, fatigue, and cognitive failure) on jet-lagged employee.Methods: One-hundred twenty JLEs (49 males and 71 females) completed an online survey. The survey asked for information regarding jet lag and administered eight self-report questionnaires: Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test for sleep reactivity, Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale for dysfunctional sleep efforts, Insomnia Severity Index for insomnia, Epworth Sleepiness Scale for daytime sleepiness, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale for depression, Somatization Subscale of the Symptom Checklist 90-item for somatic symptoms, Fatigue Severity Scale for fatigue, and Cognitive Failure Questionnaire for cognitive impairments.Results: Higher sleep reactivity (β=0.45, p<0.001) and sleep effort (β=0.40, p<0.001) significantly predicted insomnia. Higher sleep reactivity (β=0.40, p<0.01) significantly predicted sleepiness. Higher insomnia and sleepiness significantly predicted depression (β=0.50, p<0.001, β=0.22, p<0.01, respectively) and somatic symptoms (β=0.46, p<0.001, β=0.22, p<0.01, respectively). Flight time per flight (β=0.22, p<0.01), higher sleep reactivity (β=0.20, p<0.05), and higher insomnia severity (β=0.43, p<0.001) significantly predicted fatigue. Higher sleep reactivity significantly predicted cognitive failure (β=0.35, p<0.001).Conclusion: This current study reports that sleep reactivity and sleep efforts of JLEs are associated with their sleep disturbances more than other flight-related factors. Sleep disturbances of JLEs are associated with increase depression, somatization, and fatigue. Sleep reactivity caused by stressful situation are associated with fatigue and cognitive impairments of JLE. The current study suggests that management of sleep and stress may be helpful for the mental and physical well-being of JLE.