Preparation of Nano Cadmium Sulfide and Its Influence on Glomerular Mesangial Cell Apoptosis and NF-κB Expression of Renal Calculus Mice

Abstract

The study was intended to investigate the influence of nano cadmium sulfide (nCdS) in glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) apoptosis and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression of renal calculus mice. The cadmium acetate and thioacetamide were used to prepare nCdS, which was then characterized by X-ray diffractometer and high-resolution transmission electron microscope for the crystal form, morphology, and particle size. 20 SPF male mice selected as research subjects which were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Regarding the establishment of renal calculus mouse model, the mice in the experimental group were kept with ordinary feed together with stone attractant (made of ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride), and the mice in the control group were kept with ordinary feed together with tap water. Further, the tetrazolium salt colorimetric method was used to detect the cytotoxicity of nCdS, with Western blot adopted to detect the expression levels of apoptosis-related protein of Bcl-2 and Bax in the two groups of mice, and immunohistochemical staining method applied to detect the expression level of NF-κB in two groups of mice. The results showed that the renal calculus mouse model was successfully established. The prepared nCdS demonstrated a good dispersion property with a regular round shape and uniform particle size distribution between 2.34~10.52 nm. When the concentration of nCdS increased, the survival rate of the GMC decreased, with a notable difference noted (P < 0.05). In contrast with the control group, the expression level of Bcl-2 in the GMC of the experimental group decreased, and that of Bax increased, with the difference found to be notable (P <0.05). The expression of NF-κB in the GMC of experimental group was obviously higher versus that of the control group, and the difference was notable (P <0.05). In conclusions, the nCdS exhibits cytotoxic effects on the GMC in renal calculus mice by promoting the apoptosis of GMC and the NF-κB expression in renal calculus mice.