Linear Temporal Stability Analysis of Dual Solutions for a Ti-Alloy Nanofluid with Inclined MHD and Joule Effects: Flow Separation

Abstract

The impacts of tilted magnetic field and Joule heating on a Ti-alloy nanofluid towards an exponentially permeable stretching/shrinking surface have been looked into in this article. The Tiwari and Das model is adopted for the nanofluid where water is taken as the base fluid and Ti-alloy as the nanoparticles. The dual solutions of the resultant non-dimensional flow equations are evaluated using Shooting and 4th order Runge-Kutta methods and then linear temporal stability analysis is conducted to verify its stability through the smallest eigenvalue approach. The graphical representation of the results for the Ti-alloy/water nanofluid is presented to illustrate interesting features and its stability in the presence of physically effective parameters like inclined magnetic, Joule, volume fraction, and suction parameters. Outcomes of the numerical findings indicate that the dual/multiple solutions are possible only within the limited range of inclined magnetic and suction parameters. Through eigenvalue patterns, it is noticed that the 1st solution is realistic and stable while the 2nd solution is unreliable for each combination. In addition, the streamlines are also displayed to visualize the flow patterns of the Ti-alloy nanofluid. Also, the flow separation point is found in between the shrinking and stretching regions. Finally, the delay of boundary layer separation is pointed out with the enhancing values of volume fraction of Ti-alloy nanoparticles and magnetic parameter in the presence of suction. This kind of analysis performs a very crucial role in the medical sector, aerodynamics and space sciences.