Biomedical Application of Doxorubicin Coated Hydroxyapatite—Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Nanocomposite for Controlling Osteosarcoma Therapeutics

Abstract

Nano drug delivery systems are widely used in cancer treatment nowadays. It is used to accomplish a remarkable drug therapeutic index to increase the efficacy of nanocomposites against cancer cells without affecting the other cells. Ceramic nanoparticles are well-known to carry chemotherapeutic drugs to the infected sites. Interest in them is aroused by their potential for application as promising biomaterials, especially in various orthopaedic applications. In the current study, Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was prepared by a simple in situ precipitation method and coated with a potent anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) using poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymer. The interfacial strength of the composite is enhanced by the use of polymer in the nanocomposite preparation. An interaction between HAp particle and PLGA matrix has been noticed, which leads to improve the physicochemical properties of the prepared composites. Such a novel nanocomposite is further physicochemically characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Spectroscopy (TEM) and Particle Size Distribution (PSD). In addition, the biocompatibility and the anticancer activity of the nanocomposite were evaluated by a colorimetric assay (MTT assay). The synthesized DOX-HAp-PLGA nanocomposite shows a significant cytotoxicity towards osteosarcoma cells, which may be potentially used as an anticancer agent against osteosarcoma diseases.