Bamboo-Shaped Carbon Nanotubes on Coal Fly Ash Cenospheres for Pb(II) Adsorption

Abstract

The structural defects of bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes (B-CNTs) provide abundant active sites for ion adsorption during wastewater treatment. However, a suitable supporting material for the growth of B-CNTs growth is less reported. In this paper, the catalytic growth of B-CNTs on the cenospheres (CSs) of coal fly ash was studied. The results showed that all CSs were covered by a layer of B-CNTs during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, regardless of the fluctuation of the iron distribution from 0.52 to 2.09 wt%. B-CNTs with a diameter of 30–40 nm shared a similar morphology of compartment structures, which were uniformly scattered on the surfaces of the CSs and formed a 3D network structure. A high level of structural defects was present on the B-CNTs, which was denoted by an ID/IG value of 1.77 via Raman spectrum analysis. Adsorption experiments of the as-prepared CSs@B-CNTs revealed an excellent adsorption capacity for lead ions of 37.32 mg/g (pH 7, initial concentration of 70 mg/L). By excluding the function of CSs, the adsorption capacity of the pure B-CNTs was estimated to be as high as 275.19 mg/g, which has not been previously reported.