Heat Transfer in Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Past an Infinite Orthogonal Plate with Biot Number and Velocity Slip Effects

Abstract

Nanofluids are made up of nanoscale particles such as copper, carbides, graphite, and alumina, which help base fluids transmit heat more efficiently. These nanofluids have a broad range of applications in today’s framework of cooling and heating, solar-powered cells, hybrid-powered engines, new fuel generation, cancer therapy, and pharmaceuticals. This present investigation emphasizes the importance of a specific type of fluid called a hybrid nanofluid, which consists of (Cu and TiO2) nanoparticles suspended in H2O (water). This fluid is subjected to a combination of several complex phenomena of heat transfer in hybrid nanofluid flow past an infinite orthogonal plate, including velocity slip and Biot number using fractional calculus. The system of governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into a set of first-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using appropriate mathematical transformations. These equations were then solved numerically using fractional power series method (FPSM). FPSM is a very powerful method in solving fractional differential equations arising from different types of scientific problems. The study investigated the behaviour of velocity profiles, temperature, skin friction and heat transfer for various values of the parameters involved.The rate of heat transfer decreases with increasing the hybrid nanofluid parameter but it increases with increasing the fractional order, velocity slip and Biot number Additionally, the skin friction decreases with increasing both the hybrid nanofluid parameter and velocity slip, but it increases with increasing of the fractional order. However, there is no change in skin friction when the Biot number increases. It is also clear that the velocity increases for increasing both fractional order, velocity slip, it decreases for increasing the nanofluid parameter. The temperature profile rises when both the nanofluid parameter and Biot number increase. Also temperature profile decreases when the values of the fractional order and slip parameters increase.