Characterization Nanoparticles via Newtonian Heating for Fractionalized Hybrid Nanofluid in a Channel Flow

Abstract

The characterization or measurement of the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles usually lies in the field of nanometrology based on the different characterization techniques. In order to boost the rate of heat transmission, in this regard, an unsteady and convection flow of a fractionalized hybrid nanofluid in a vertical microchannel consisting of two parallel plates apart is studied through Newtonian heating. The governing equations are fractionalized based on the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative of the non-singular and as an exponential kernel. The fractionalized governing equations are solved by utilizing the Laplace approach. For the Laplace inversions, the Zakian algorithm is utilized to acquire the semi-analytical solution. The obtained solutions are also compared with Stehfest and Tzou numerical algorithms to check the validity. For understanding the physics of the under-considered problem, Mathcad software is used for numerical results and graphical representations. The impacts of different physical parameters are deliberated and exhibited in figures. The Prandtl number Pr always shows a decreasing trend for the temperature and velocity profile. Velocity decreases by growing φ due to increasing the viscosity of nanofluid with φ. The thermal conductivity is improved by increasing φ, so that temperature distribution is increased. This study has numerous applications in thermal engineering.